Effect of sowing time on performances of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)

Abstract

During the year 2013 at the site of Bačka Topola field experiment was conducted with different sowing times of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) cultivar Biserka. The applied sowing times included a period of more than two months starting with regular (A: May 24) and delayed sowing (B: June 6), continued with second crop (C: June 22) and delayed second crop (D: July 8). It was observed that the number of days from sowing to emergence was equal for all sowing times (6 days). There was no difference in the number of days from emergence to tasseling between sowing times (30-36 days). The length of the growing season, as well as the number of days from tasseling to maturity was similar in the case of regular, delayed and second crop sowing (91-97 days). However, in delayed second crop, the vegetation was shortened to 59 days. The average plant height decreased linearly with time of sowing. The difference in weight of 1000 grains (indicating the grain size) was not statistically significant between the first, second and third period of sowing. The greatest grains were observed in delayed double cropping. Between regular and late regular sowing no significant differences have been observed in grain yield. Similar observation was made for the difference in yield between second crop and delayed second crop. Grain yield decrease in delayed second crop, as compared to the regular sowing in this experiment was slightly more intense (50 %) in comparison to the literature data, where reduction is mentioned as being 30 %. .

U 2013. godini na lokalitetu Bačka Topola izveden je poljski ogled sa rokovima setve običnog prosa (Panicum miliaceum L.) sorte Biserka. Primenjeni rokovi setve obuhvatili su vremenski period od više od dva meseca, od redovne (24. maja 2013.), preko zakasnele (6. juna 2013.), prave postrne (22. juna 2013.) do zakasnele postrne setve (8. jula 2013.). Zapaženo je da je broj dana od setve do nicanja bio istovetan kod svih rokova i iznosio je 6 dana. Između rokova setve nije bilo veće razlike u broju dana od nicanja do metličenja (30-36 dana). Dužina vegetacije i broj dana od klasanja do zrelosti, bila je slična u slučaju redovne, zakasnele redovne i postrne setve (91-97 dana). Međutim, u zakasneloj postrnoj setvi vegetacija je skraćena na 59 dana. Prosečna visina biljke se linearno smanjivala sa kašnjenjem setve. U masi 1000 zrna nije bilo statistički značajne razlike između prvog, drugog i trećeg roka. U zakasneloj postrnoj setvi se, međutim, formiralo najkrupnije zrno. Između redovne i zakasnele setve nema značajnije razlike u prinosu zrna. To se isto može reći i za razliku u prinosu između postrne i zakasnele postrne setve. Smanjenje prinosa zrna u postrnoj u odnosu na redovnu setvu u ovom ogledu je nešto intenzivnije (50 %) u odnosu na podatke iz literature, gde se spominje smanjenje za 30 %. .