Earliness as a criterion for selection of spring barley cultivars for the environments of southeast europe

Abstract

Ecological conditions of southeast Europe are less convenient for spring barley production in relation to the barley-belt in western and central Europe. Producers should be able to choose a barley cultivar with satisfactory agronomic and quality performances in these environments. The aim of this investigation was to recommend the barley phenotype for these environments. Dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) accumulation and translocation in function of vegetative and grain filling phases were used as selection criteria. During a four-year period (1996-1998) twelve spring barley cultivars, divided according to earliness in the three groups (early medium, late), were tested for DM and N accumulation and translocation. Under unfavourable conditions 43, 50, and 60% of the total DM found at maturity had been accumulated up to the anthesis in the early, medium, and late genotypes, respectively. N accumulation till anthesis was the lowest i.e. highest in early, i.e. late genotypes, respectively. Of the total N found at maturity 25, 47, and 21% had been taken up during grain filling in the early, medium, and late genotypes, respectively. Translocated N participated with 40, 56, and 51% in grain N in the early, medium, and late genotypes, respectively. The patterns of development of medium and not too late genotypes are most appropriate for the conditions of this part of Europe.

Ekološki uslovi jugoistočne Evrope su manje povoljni za proizvodnju jarog ječma u odnosu na uslove zapadne i centralne Evrope. Shodno tome, za ovo područje bi trebalo odabrati takav genotip ječma koji bi posedovao zadovoljavajuće agronomske osobine i kvalitet. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se odredi fenotip jarog ječma u odnosu na dužinu vegetacije pogodan za ekološke uslove jugoistočne Evrope. Kao osnovni kriterijum u definisanju genotipa poslužila je akumulacija i translokacija suve materije (SM) i azota (N), koja je ispitivana tokom četiri godine (1995-1998) kod 12 sorti ječma podeljenih po dužini vegetacije u tri grupe (rane, srednje i kasne). U nepovoljnim uslovima, do cvetanja je akumulirano kod ranih sorti 43% SM srednjih 50% i kasnih 60%. Akumulacija N do cvetanja je bila najniža kod ranih, a najviša kod kasnih sorti. Tokom perioda nalivanja zrna kod ranih sorti akumulirano je 25%, srednjih 47% i kasnih 21% N. Translocirani N je učestvovao sa 42, 56 i 51% u ukupnom N u zrnu kod ranih, srednjih i kasnih sorti. U odnosu na dužinu vegetacije u uslovima jugoistočne Evrope najviše odgovaraju srednje rani i ne suviše kasni genotipovi jarog ječma.