Winter wheat yield and yield components depending on the level of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization

Abstract

The longest spikes were obtained in the variant with all three nutrients used in highest amount. Number of fertile spikelets were low in treatments without nitrogen applied, and absolutely lowest on variant only with P2. The largest number of fertile spikelets obtained on the triple fertilization variants with increased nitrogen rate. The smallest weight of grains per spike was obtained in a single fertilization with P and K, as well as the control treatment, and was the highest in the variants with most intensive fertilization with all nutrients. Also, the weight of 1000 grains was highest in balanced fertilization with all nutrients (N2P2K2), but similar values were obtained in all treatments where nitrogen was applied. Spike index and harvest index did not show special regularity at different levels of fertilization, but the values of both parameters were higher in treatments fertilized with all nutrients. The highest yield was achieved in the variant N3P2K2 (6.10 t ha-1), although the high yield of more than 5 t ha-1 was obtained and the other triple treatments where nitrogen is applied in the maximum amount, as well as variants with moderate doses of all nutrients.

U stacionarnom ogledu dugog trajanja ('Večiti' ogled) na Rimskim Šančevima, u dvogodišnjem periodu ispitivan je efekat 12 varijanti đubrenja različitim kombinacijama doza N, P i K na prinos i komponente prinosa ozime sorte pšenice 'NS-40S'. Najduži klasovi dobijeni su na varijanti gde su sva tri hraniva upotrebljena u najvećoj količini. Broj plodnih klasaka bio je mali na varijantama gde nije primenjen azot, a apsolutno najmanji na varijanti đubrenja samo sa P2. Najveći broj plodnih klasaka dobijen je na varijantama trojnog đubrenja sa povećanom dozom azota. Najmanja masa zrna po klasu dobijena je pri pojedinačnom đubrenju sa P i K, kao i na kontrolnoj varijanti, a bila je najveća pri najintenzivnijem đubrenju sa sva tri hraniva. Takođe i masa 1000 zrna je bila najveća pri izbalansiranom đubrenju sa sva tri hraniva (N2P2K2), ali su slične vrednosti dobijene na svim varijantama gde je primenjivan azot. Indeks klasa i žetveni indeks nisu ispoljili posebnu pravilnost pri različitim nivoima đubrenja, ali su vrednosti oba parametra bile veće na varijantama gde je đubreno sa sva tri hraniva. Najveći prinos zrna postignut je na varijanti N3P2K2 (6,10 t ha-1), mada su visoki prinosi, iznad 5 t ha-1 dobijani i na ostalim trojnim varijantama gde je azot primenjen u najvećoj količini, kao i na varijanti sa srednjim dozama sva tri hraniva.