Selection of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Abstract

Yield level is not the sole consideration when deciding which bean variety to grow. The general appearance of bean grain is an important factor, which affects the demand for a particular bean variety. Preferences are determined by dietary customs of the population. While most bean varieties selected before 1980 in Yugoslavia have white grains, farmers still grow popular domestic populations, which they multiply by themselves. When the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops embarked on a program of bean breeding, a decision was made to try and meet the specific market demands. Emphasis was placed on the development of high-yielding varieties, suitable for growing in pure stand and for machine harvesting, but these varieties were also expected to have grain characteristics similar to those of the traditional bean populations. Two varieties with colored grains have been released so far. Zlatko, a medium late variety (on the national varietal list since 1994) has large, cylindrical, golden-yellow grains, which retain shape during cooking. Sremac (released in 1999) is an early variety with greenish grains. White-grained varieties are developed by carefully selecting heterogeneous population over several generations. The first variety to be released (1997), Dvadesetica, is early and high-yielding, with semi-planate, medium large grains (1000/grain mass is about 400 g). The variety Maksa has white, medium large grains, the variety Seiko has small, rounded grains. These varieties were entered on the national varietal list in 1998. Variety Balkan has rounded grains (1000/grain mass is more from 330 g). Balkan released in 2000.

U Naučnom institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu, počevši od 1981, najobimniji je bio rad na stvaranju visokoprinosnih sorti, pogodnih za gajenje u čistom usevu i mehanizovanu žetvu, koje bi imale osobine zrna starih, tradicionalnih populacija pasulja. Do sada su priznate dve sorte pasulja obojenog zrna: srednje-kasna sorta Zlatko (1994) krupnog, valjkastog zrna zlatnožute boje, i Sremac (1999), rana sorta u tipu kulaša. Od pasulja bele semenjače stvoreni su: Dvadesetica (1997) polu-pljosnatog zrna, masa 1000 zrna oko 400g, ranostasna. Maksa (J 998), zrna srednje krupnoće; Belko (1998), sitnijeg zrna okruglastog oblika i Balkan (2000), okruglasto belog zrna, mase 1000 zrna preko 340 g. .