TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gulan, Ljiljana
AU  - Penjisević, Ivana
AU  - Stajić, Jelena M.
AU  - Milenković, Biljana
AU  - Zeremski, Tijana
AU  - Stevanović, Vladica
AU  - Valjarević, Aleksandar
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/2003
AB  - This study aims to estimate geothermal potential, radioactivity levels, and environmental pollution of six most popular spas in Central Serbia (Ovcar, Gornja Trepca, Vrnjacka, Mataruska, Bogutovacka and Sokobanja), as well as to evaluate potential exposure and health risks for living and visiting population. Thermal possibilities of the studied spas showed medium and low geothermal potential with total thermal power of 0.025 MW. Gamma dose rates in air varied from 63 to 178 nSv h(-1). Specific activities of natural radionuclides (Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40) and Cs-137 in soil were measured; annual effective doses and excess lifetime cancer risk from radionuclides were calculated. Radon concentration in thermal-mineral waters from the spas ranged between 1.5 and 60.7 Bq L-1 (the highest values were measured in Sokobanja). The annual effective dose from radon due to water ingestion was calculated. The analyzed soils had a clay loam texture. The presence of As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Hg in soil was investigated. The concentrations of As, Cr, Ni, and Hg exceeded the regulatory limits in many samples. Soil samples from Mataruska spa were generally the most contaminated with heavy metals, while the lowest heavy metal concentrations were observed in Sokobanja. Health effects of exposure to heavy metals in soil were estimated by non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk assessment. Total carcinogenic risk ranged between 6 x 10(-4) and 137 x 10(-4) for children and between 0.1 x 10(-4) and 2.2 x 10(-4) for adults. The sum of 16 PAHs analyzed in soil samples varied from 92 to 854 mu g kg(-1).
PB  - Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Chemosphere
T1  - Spa environments in central Serbia: Geothermal potential, radioactivity, heavy metals and PAHs
VL  - 242
DO  - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125171
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gulan, Ljiljana and Penjisević, Ivana and Stajić, Jelena M. and Milenković, Biljana and Zeremski, Tijana and Stevanović, Vladica and Valjarević, Aleksandar",
year = "2020",
abstract = "This study aims to estimate geothermal potential, radioactivity levels, and environmental pollution of six most popular spas in Central Serbia (Ovcar, Gornja Trepca, Vrnjacka, Mataruska, Bogutovacka and Sokobanja), as well as to evaluate potential exposure and health risks for living and visiting population. Thermal possibilities of the studied spas showed medium and low geothermal potential with total thermal power of 0.025 MW. Gamma dose rates in air varied from 63 to 178 nSv h(-1). Specific activities of natural radionuclides (Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40) and Cs-137 in soil were measured; annual effective doses and excess lifetime cancer risk from radionuclides were calculated. Radon concentration in thermal-mineral waters from the spas ranged between 1.5 and 60.7 Bq L-1 (the highest values were measured in Sokobanja). The annual effective dose from radon due to water ingestion was calculated. The analyzed soils had a clay loam texture. The presence of As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Hg in soil was investigated. The concentrations of As, Cr, Ni, and Hg exceeded the regulatory limits in many samples. Soil samples from Mataruska spa were generally the most contaminated with heavy metals, while the lowest heavy metal concentrations were observed in Sokobanja. Health effects of exposure to heavy metals in soil were estimated by non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk assessment. Total carcinogenic risk ranged between 6 x 10(-4) and 137 x 10(-4) for children and between 0.1 x 10(-4) and 2.2 x 10(-4) for adults. The sum of 16 PAHs analyzed in soil samples varied from 92 to 854 mu g kg(-1).",
publisher = "Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Chemosphere",
title = "Spa environments in central Serbia: Geothermal potential, radioactivity, heavy metals and PAHs",
volume = "242",
doi = "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125171"
}

Gulan, L., Penjisević, I., Stajić, J. M., Milenković, B., Zeremski, T., Stevanović, V.,& Valjarević, A.. (2020). Spa environments in central Serbia: Geothermal potential, radioactivity, heavy metals and PAHs. in Chemosphere
Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford., 242.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125171

Gulan L, Penjisević I, Stajić JM, Milenković B, Zeremski T, Stevanović V, Valjarević A. Spa environments in central Serbia: Geothermal potential, radioactivity, heavy metals and PAHs. in Chemosphere. 2020;242.
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125171 .

Gulan, Ljiljana, Penjisević, Ivana, Stajić, Jelena M., Milenković, Biljana, Zeremski, Tijana, Stevanović, Vladica, Valjarević, Aleksandar, "Spa environments in central Serbia: Geothermal potential, radioactivity, heavy metals and PAHs" in Chemosphere, 242 (2020),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125171 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stevanović, Vladica
AU  - Gulan, Ljiljana
AU  - Milenković, Biljana
AU  - Valjarević, Aleksandar
AU  - Zeremski, Tijana
AU  - Penjisević, Ivana
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/1747
AB  - Activity levels of natural and artificial radionuclides and content of ten heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg) were investigated in 41 soil samples collected from Toplica region located in the south part of Serbia. Radioactivity was determined by gamma spectrometry using HPGe detector. The obtained mean activity concentrations +/- standard deviations of radionuclides Ra-226, Th-232, K-40 and Cs-137 were 29.9 +/- 9.4, 36.6 +/- 11.5, 492 +/- 181 and 13.4 +/- 18.7 Bq kg(-1), respectively. According to Shapiro-Wilk normality test, activity concentrations of Ra-226 and Th-232 were consistent with normal distribution. External exposure from radioactivity was estimated through dose and radiation risk assessments. Concentrations of heavy metals were measured by using ICP-OES, and their health risks were then determined. Enrichment by heavy metals and pollution level in soils were evaluated using the enrichment factor, the geoaccumulation index (I-geo), pollution index and pollution load index. Based on GIS approach, the spatial distribution maps of radionuclides and heavy metal contents were made. Spearman correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis between radionuclide activity concentrations and heavy metal contents.
PB  - Springer, Dordrecht
T2  - Environmental Geochemistry & Health
T1  - Environmental risk assessment of radioactivity and heavy metals in soil of Toplica region, South Serbia
EP  - 2118
IS  - 5
SP  - 2101
VL  - 40
DO  - 10.1007/s10653-018-0085-0
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stevanović, Vladica and Gulan, Ljiljana and Milenković, Biljana and Valjarević, Aleksandar and Zeremski, Tijana and Penjisević, Ivana",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Activity levels of natural and artificial radionuclides and content of ten heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg) were investigated in 41 soil samples collected from Toplica region located in the south part of Serbia. Radioactivity was determined by gamma spectrometry using HPGe detector. The obtained mean activity concentrations +/- standard deviations of radionuclides Ra-226, Th-232, K-40 and Cs-137 were 29.9 +/- 9.4, 36.6 +/- 11.5, 492 +/- 181 and 13.4 +/- 18.7 Bq kg(-1), respectively. According to Shapiro-Wilk normality test, activity concentrations of Ra-226 and Th-232 were consistent with normal distribution. External exposure from radioactivity was estimated through dose and radiation risk assessments. Concentrations of heavy metals were measured by using ICP-OES, and their health risks were then determined. Enrichment by heavy metals and pollution level in soils were evaluated using the enrichment factor, the geoaccumulation index (I-geo), pollution index and pollution load index. Based on GIS approach, the spatial distribution maps of radionuclides and heavy metal contents were made. Spearman correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis between radionuclide activity concentrations and heavy metal contents.",
publisher = "Springer, Dordrecht",
journal = "Environmental Geochemistry & Health",
title = "Environmental risk assessment of radioactivity and heavy metals in soil of Toplica region, South Serbia",
pages = "2118-2101",
number = "5",
volume = "40",
doi = "10.1007/s10653-018-0085-0"
}

Stevanović, V., Gulan, L., Milenković, B., Valjarević, A., Zeremski, T.,& Penjisević, I.. (2018). Environmental risk assessment of radioactivity and heavy metals in soil of Toplica region, South Serbia. in Environmental Geochemistry & Health
Springer, Dordrecht., 40(5), 2101-2118.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-018-0085-0

Stevanović V, Gulan L, Milenković B, Valjarević A, Zeremski T, Penjisević I. Environmental risk assessment of radioactivity and heavy metals in soil of Toplica region, South Serbia. in Environmental Geochemistry & Health. 2018;40(5):2101-2118.
doi:10.1007/s10653-018-0085-0 .

Stevanović, Vladica, Gulan, Ljiljana, Milenković, Biljana, Valjarević, Aleksandar, Zeremski, Tijana, Penjisević, Ivana, "Environmental risk assessment of radioactivity and heavy metals in soil of Toplica region, South Serbia" in Environmental Geochemistry & Health, 40, no. 5 (2018):2101-2118,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-018-0085-0 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gulan, Ljiljana
AU  - Milenković, Biljana
AU  - Zeremski, Tijana
AU  - Milić, Gordana
AU  - Vučković, Biljana
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/1699
AB  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), heavy metals content and radioactivity levels were measured in 27 soil samples collected from Pristina, the capital of Kosovo and Metohija. The sixteen PAHs, twelve OCPs and six PCBs congeners were determined by gas chromatography system with mass spectrometry detection. Although the use of PCBs and OCPs was prohibited decades ago residues of those compounds still existed in measurable concentrations in soils of Pristina. PAHs were also present in analyzed samples but their mean concentration was significantly lower than mean concentrations of PAHs previously reported in urban areas in the world. The concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were determined by the EDTA extraction protocols, along with their extractable concentrations. The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides (Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40) were determined by gamma spectrometry method. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test found that activity concentrations of natural radionuclides were normally distributed. Radiological risk was estimated through the annual effective dose, gonadal dose equivalent, excess lifetime cancer risk, radium equivalent activity, external and internal hazard indexes. Spearman correlation coefficient was used for analysis of correlations between physicochemical properties, heavy metal contents and radionuclide activity concentrations. Strong positive correlation between Ra-226 and Th-232 was found, as well as among pairs of As-Cd and Co-Mn. Very strong positive correlation (0.838) at the 0.01 significance level was noted for Pb-Zn pair. Strong correlations indicate common occurrence of these elements in the nature, as well as geogenic association.
PB  - Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Chemosphere
T1  - Persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals and radioactivity in the urban soil of Pristina City, Kosovo and Metohija
EP  - 426
SP  - 415
VL  - 171
DO  - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.064
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gulan, Ljiljana and Milenković, Biljana and Zeremski, Tijana and Milić, Gordana and Vučković, Biljana",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), heavy metals content and radioactivity levels were measured in 27 soil samples collected from Pristina, the capital of Kosovo and Metohija. The sixteen PAHs, twelve OCPs and six PCBs congeners were determined by gas chromatography system with mass spectrometry detection. Although the use of PCBs and OCPs was prohibited decades ago residues of those compounds still existed in measurable concentrations in soils of Pristina. PAHs were also present in analyzed samples but their mean concentration was significantly lower than mean concentrations of PAHs previously reported in urban areas in the world. The concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were determined by the EDTA extraction protocols, along with their extractable concentrations. The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides (Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40) were determined by gamma spectrometry method. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test found that activity concentrations of natural radionuclides were normally distributed. Radiological risk was estimated through the annual effective dose, gonadal dose equivalent, excess lifetime cancer risk, radium equivalent activity, external and internal hazard indexes. Spearman correlation coefficient was used for analysis of correlations between physicochemical properties, heavy metal contents and radionuclide activity concentrations. Strong positive correlation between Ra-226 and Th-232 was found, as well as among pairs of As-Cd and Co-Mn. Very strong positive correlation (0.838) at the 0.01 significance level was noted for Pb-Zn pair. Strong correlations indicate common occurrence of these elements in the nature, as well as geogenic association.",
publisher = "Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Chemosphere",
title = "Persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals and radioactivity in the urban soil of Pristina City, Kosovo and Metohija",
pages = "426-415",
volume = "171",
doi = "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.064"
}

Gulan, L., Milenković, B., Zeremski, T., Milić, G.,& Vučković, B.. (2017). Persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals and radioactivity in the urban soil of Pristina City, Kosovo and Metohija. in Chemosphere
Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford., 171, 415-426.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.064

Gulan L, Milenković B, Zeremski T, Milić G, Vučković B. Persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals and radioactivity in the urban soil of Pristina City, Kosovo and Metohija. in Chemosphere. 2017;171:415-426.
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.064 .

Gulan, Ljiljana, Milenković, Biljana, Zeremski, Tijana, Milić, Gordana, Vučković, Biljana, "Persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals and radioactivity in the urban soil of Pristina City, Kosovo and Metohija" in Chemosphere, 171 (2017):415-426,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.064 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milenković, Biljana
AU  - Stajić, Jelena M.
AU  - Gulan, Ljiljana
AU  - Zeremski, Tijana
AU  - Nikezić, Dragoslav
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/1401
AB  - Radioactivity concentrations and heavy metal content were measured in soil samples collected from the area of Kragujevac, one of the largest cities in Serbia. The specific activities of Ra-226, Th-232, K-40 and Cs-137 in 30 samples were measured by gamma spectrometry using an HPGe semiconductor detector. The average values +/- standard deviations were 33.5 +/- 8.2, 50.3 +/- 10.6, 425.8 +/- 75.7 and 40.2 +/- 26.3 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The activity concentrations of Ra-226, Th-232 and Cs-137 have shown normal distribution. The annual effective doses, radium equivalent activities, external hazard indexes and excess lifetime cancer risk were also estimated. A RAD7 device was used for measuring radon exhalation rates from several samples with highest content of Ra-226. The concentrations of As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured, as well as their EDTA extractable concentrations. Wide ranges of values were obtained, especially for Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. The absence of normal distribution indicates anthropogenic origin of Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn. Correlations between radionuclide activities, heavy metal contents and physicochemical properties of analysed soil were determined by Spearman correlation coefficient. Strong positive correlation between Ra-226 and Th-232 was found.
PB  - Springer Heidelberg, Heidelberg
T2  - Environmental Science & Pollution Research
T1  - Radioactivity levels and heavy metals in the urban soil of Central Serbia
EP  - 16741
IS  - 21
SP  - 16732
VL  - 22
DO  - 10.1007/s11356-015-4869-9
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Milenković, Biljana and Stajić, Jelena M. and Gulan, Ljiljana and Zeremski, Tijana and Nikezić, Dragoslav",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Radioactivity concentrations and heavy metal content were measured in soil samples collected from the area of Kragujevac, one of the largest cities in Serbia. The specific activities of Ra-226, Th-232, K-40 and Cs-137 in 30 samples were measured by gamma spectrometry using an HPGe semiconductor detector. The average values +/- standard deviations were 33.5 +/- 8.2, 50.3 +/- 10.6, 425.8 +/- 75.7 and 40.2 +/- 26.3 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The activity concentrations of Ra-226, Th-232 and Cs-137 have shown normal distribution. The annual effective doses, radium equivalent activities, external hazard indexes and excess lifetime cancer risk were also estimated. A RAD7 device was used for measuring radon exhalation rates from several samples with highest content of Ra-226. The concentrations of As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured, as well as their EDTA extractable concentrations. Wide ranges of values were obtained, especially for Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. The absence of normal distribution indicates anthropogenic origin of Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn. Correlations between radionuclide activities, heavy metal contents and physicochemical properties of analysed soil were determined by Spearman correlation coefficient. Strong positive correlation between Ra-226 and Th-232 was found.",
publisher = "Springer Heidelberg, Heidelberg",
journal = "Environmental Science & Pollution Research",
title = "Radioactivity levels and heavy metals in the urban soil of Central Serbia",
pages = "16741-16732",
number = "21",
volume = "22",
doi = "10.1007/s11356-015-4869-9"
}

Milenković, B., Stajić, J. M., Gulan, L., Zeremski, T.,& Nikezić, D.. (2015). Radioactivity levels and heavy metals in the urban soil of Central Serbia. in Environmental Science & Pollution Research
Springer Heidelberg, Heidelberg., 22(21), 16732-16741.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4869-9

Milenković B, Stajić JM, Gulan L, Zeremski T, Nikezić D. Radioactivity levels and heavy metals in the urban soil of Central Serbia. in Environmental Science & Pollution Research. 2015;22(21):16732-16741.
doi:10.1007/s11356-015-4869-9 .

Milenković, Biljana, Stajić, Jelena M., Gulan, Ljiljana, Zeremski, Tijana, Nikezić, Dragoslav, "Radioactivity levels and heavy metals in the urban soil of Central Serbia" in Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 22, no. 21 (2015):16732-16741,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4869-9 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gulan, Ljiljana
AU  - Milenković, Biljana
AU  - Stajić, Jelena M.
AU  - Vučković, Biljana
AU  - Krstić, Dragana
AU  - Zeremski, Tijana
AU  - Ninkov, Jordana
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/1235
AB  - This paper reports the results of radioactivity concentrations and heavy metal content in soil samples collected from non-agricultural areas in the municipality and vicinity of North Kosovska Mitrovica, formerly the most important mining area in Europe. The estimated average activity concentrations of Ra-226, Th-232, K-40 and Cs-137 are 40.6 +/- 19, 48 +/- 25.4, 743.2 +/- 200.5 and 81 +/- 119 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The estimated average absorbed dose rate in the air and the annual effective dose are 78.7 nGy h(-1) and 96.6 mu Sv, respectively. The radium equivalent activity and external hazard index were also calculated. High contents of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, As and Ni were found in the analyzed soil samples, thus indicating pollution of the environment. Most metals have a wide range of values spanning 2 to 3 orders of magnitude, which is particularly evident for Pb and Zn. Correlations between the activity concentrations of the radionuclides, the heavy metal content in soil and the basic soil properties were determined by means of the Pearson linear coefficient. Strong positive correlations between the naturally occurring radionuclides, and also among Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd were found.
PB  - Royal Soc Chemistry, Cambridge
T2  - Environmental Science-Processes & Impacts
T1  - Correlation between radioactivity levels and heavy metal content in the soils of the North Kosovska Mitrovica environment
EP  - 1742
IS  - 9
SP  - 1735
VL  - 15
DO  - 10.1039/c3em00208j
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gulan, Ljiljana and Milenković, Biljana and Stajić, Jelena M. and Vučković, Biljana and Krstić, Dragana and Zeremski, Tijana and Ninkov, Jordana",
year = "2013",
abstract = "This paper reports the results of radioactivity concentrations and heavy metal content in soil samples collected from non-agricultural areas in the municipality and vicinity of North Kosovska Mitrovica, formerly the most important mining area in Europe. The estimated average activity concentrations of Ra-226, Th-232, K-40 and Cs-137 are 40.6 +/- 19, 48 +/- 25.4, 743.2 +/- 200.5 and 81 +/- 119 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The estimated average absorbed dose rate in the air and the annual effective dose are 78.7 nGy h(-1) and 96.6 mu Sv, respectively. The radium equivalent activity and external hazard index were also calculated. High contents of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, As and Ni were found in the analyzed soil samples, thus indicating pollution of the environment. Most metals have a wide range of values spanning 2 to 3 orders of magnitude, which is particularly evident for Pb and Zn. Correlations between the activity concentrations of the radionuclides, the heavy metal content in soil and the basic soil properties were determined by means of the Pearson linear coefficient. Strong positive correlations between the naturally occurring radionuclides, and also among Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd were found.",
publisher = "Royal Soc Chemistry, Cambridge",
journal = "Environmental Science-Processes & Impacts",
title = "Correlation between radioactivity levels and heavy metal content in the soils of the North Kosovska Mitrovica environment",
pages = "1742-1735",
number = "9",
volume = "15",
doi = "10.1039/c3em00208j"
}

Gulan, L., Milenković, B., Stajić, J. M., Vučković, B., Krstić, D., Zeremski, T.,& Ninkov, J.. (2013). Correlation between radioactivity levels and heavy metal content in the soils of the North Kosovska Mitrovica environment. in Environmental Science-Processes & Impacts
Royal Soc Chemistry, Cambridge., 15(9), 1735-1742.
https://doi.org/10.1039/c3em00208j

Gulan L, Milenković B, Stajić JM, Vučković B, Krstić D, Zeremski T, Ninkov J. Correlation between radioactivity levels and heavy metal content in the soils of the North Kosovska Mitrovica environment. in Environmental Science-Processes & Impacts. 2013;15(9):1735-1742.
doi:10.1039/c3em00208j .

Gulan, Ljiljana, Milenković, Biljana, Stajić, Jelena M., Vučković, Biljana, Krstić, Dragana, Zeremski, Tijana, Ninkov, Jordana, "Correlation between radioactivity levels and heavy metal content in the soils of the North Kosovska Mitrovica environment" in Environmental Science-Processes & Impacts, 15, no. 9 (2013):1735-1742,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c3em00208j . .