@conference{
author = "Karačić, Vasiljka and Miljaković, Dragana and Ivanović, Milan",
year = "2024",
abstract = "Botrytis cinerea is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens affecting over 200 plant hosts, including important crop species such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). This fungus causes gray mold of tomato, affecting the yield in the open field, greenhouses, but also during the transportation and storage of the product. B. cinereais difficult to control because it can survive as mycelia, conidia or sclerotia for long periods, while numeroushosts serve as the source of inoculum. Control of tomato gray mold involves crop rotation, sanitation and improved growing conditions, but still largely relies on repeated application of fungicides. Excessive use of fungicides has led to development of B. cinerea resistance to various groups of fungicide. Resistance to carbendazim and procymidone in B. cinereaisolates originating from tomato has been confirmed in Argentina, while resistance to difenoconazole has been reported in China and resistance to carbendazim and cyprodinil was foung in Greece. Therefore, it is classified as high risk pathogenfor the development of resistance by Fungicides Resistance Action Committee (FRAC). Occurrence of resistance coupled with public concern on fungicide residues in vegetables created anurgent need to find an alternative method to control B. cinerea. One approach is the utilization of bacteria from the genus Bacillus. Bacillus spp. represent a heterogeneous group of bacteria, which are dominant in the soil and the rhizosphere of plants. They belong to Gram-positive bacteria with rod-shaped cells and ability to produce endospores in unfavorable conditions for growth. Bacillus species have numerous positive effect on plants, such as ability to increase the availability of nutrients in the soil, stimulate plant growth and control plant pathogens. These bacteria protect plants from pathogens by producing antimicrobial compounds (AMCs), competing for niches and nutrients, and inducing systemic resistance. In our experiment, two-month-old tomato plants (BBCH 59, variety Novosadski jabučar), were treated foliarly once a week for three consecutive weeks with either 30 or 55 ml of bacterial suspension of B. amyloliquefaciens isolate Bac 28.3. One day after the last treatment, all plants were spray-inoculated with conidial suspension (105 conidia ml-1 ) of B. cinerea isolate 463-19. Systemic fungicide Switch 62.5 WG (Syngenta) was used at recomended concentration (0.23%) as positive control, and sterile distilled water (SDV) as negative control. Appearance of symptoms on treated plants was monitored daily, and Disease severity (DS in %) was assessed 7, 10 and 14 days after inoculation. With the 30 ml-dose, the highest efficiency in suppressing B. cinerea on tomato plants was obtained with isolate Bac 28.3 (DS=63.88%), compared to SDV (DS=86.1%) and the fungicide Switch 62.5 WG (DS=69.44%). Similar results were obtained with a dose of 55 ml: DS of 59.72% when treated with isolate Bac 28.3, which was statistically significant compared to 86.10% (water), but not statistically significant compared to 69.44% (Switch). Subsequent PCR analysis of Bac 28.3 isolate revealed presence of genes for two cyclic lipopeptides: bacillomycin D and iturin A, indicating the intrinsic trait underlying the inhibitory effect on B. cinerea.",
publisher = "Novi Sad : University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture",
journal = "Book of Abstracts and Conference Proceedings, 3rd International Conference Antimicrobial Resistance – Current State and Perspectives, 16-18 May 2024, Novi Sad",
title = "Rhizospheric Bacillus spp. as an alternative to chemical control of Botrytis cinerea on tomato",
pages = "252-249"
}
